你是否思考過(guò)，為什么你在工作上能夠和其它設(shè)計(jì)師很好地合作？也許你們志同道合，不過(guò)使你們不那么投機(jī)也同樣可以很好地在一起。在Kaleidoscope（一家美國(guó)設(shè)計(jì)公司，原文作者現(xiàn)在工作的地方——http://www.kascope.com/），包括我在內(nèi)一些設(shè)計(jì)師善于分析和理性思考，而另外一些則是思想奔放喜歡感性的思考。我們是如何相處共存的呢？理性地分析讓我明白不同設(shè)計(jì)師之間如何互補(bǔ)，最終讓我意識(shí)到一個(gè)成功的設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)需要有4種關(guān)鍵的成員。

（橫坐標(biāo)右側(cè) 應(yīng)翻譯為 理性思考者）

布道者
（千萬(wàn)不要理解成喋喋不休的唐僧，而是類(lèi)似于我們所謂的“精神領(lǐng)袖”類(lèi)的人物，往往在更大和更高的層面上講述和思考博愛(ài)啊家庭啊人類(lèi)啊之類(lèi)的話(huà)題）
設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)沒(méi)有一個(gè)具有遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)的領(lǐng)袖，就像一個(gè)教堂里沒(méi)有牧師。他在最高層面關(guān)注設(shè)計(jì)，發(fā)展策略和推動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)與商業(yè)一體化進(jìn)程。直覺(jué)思維使他知道如何把設(shè)計(jì)自然而然地融合到龐大的商業(yè)計(jì)劃里面。他是從“狂想者”成長(zhǎng)起來(lái)，所以他熱衷把他帶領(lǐng)負(fù)責(zé)的產(chǎn)品和項(xiàng)目覆蓋范圍盡量擴(kuò)大，并探索更多的可能方向?！安嫉勒摺苯^不會(huì)去做技術(shù)能手，甚至?xí)I(lǐng)導(dǎo)一些在常人眼里看來(lái)不可完成的任務(wù)。盡管肩負(fù)眾多挑戰(zhàn)，但往往最終他不但完成了而且達(dá)到了他所期望的真正價(jià)值高度。在優(yōu)秀的“布道者”帶領(lǐng)下，團(tuán)隊(duì)往往是具有前瞻性，突破性和高創(chuàng)意價(jià)值。

樂(lè)團(tuán)指揮
（"樂(lè)團(tuán)指揮"語(yǔ)義上指的是親歷親為,腳踏實(shí)地的實(shí)干型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)）
作為“布道者”珠聯(lián)璧合的補(bǔ)充，設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)需要一個(gè)腳踏實(shí)地指導(dǎo)完成具體項(xiàng)目的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，條理化的思維幫助她確保任何細(xì)節(jié)都不會(huì)出現(xiàn)偏差。就像指揮一個(gè)樂(lè)團(tuán)，她把各種不同小節(jié)有條不紊地融合貫穿成協(xié)調(diào)的樂(lè)章，確保每個(gè)音符都經(jīng)得起推敲，絕沒(méi)有任何的偏離。她高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)嚴(yán)要求，以確保每個(gè)項(xiàng)目都是最高質(zhì)量。一些團(tuán)隊(duì)往往項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行到95%時(shí)已精疲力盡或就此結(jié)束，而“樂(lè)團(tuán)指揮”則扮演了推動(dòng)項(xiàng)目最終順利完成的重要角色。在更多時(shí)候，她指導(dǎo)項(xiàng)目進(jìn)入生產(chǎn)，并確保很多容易被人忽視的關(guān)鍵細(xì)節(jié)的到位。她也許希望自己還是個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)師，努力做到精益求精或者更多的份外工作。她發(fā)揮穩(wěn)定，是切實(shí)工作和帶來(lái)利益的關(guān)鍵。

狂想者
（pavedow:直譯為夢(mèng)想家，空想者，指思維活躍熱衷創(chuàng)意的人）
當(dāng)理性思維和變幻無(wú)常的設(shè)計(jì)需求碰撞的時(shí)候，“狂想者”往往可以打破困境，顯示出驚人的創(chuàng)造熱情。他更傾向于相信直覺(jué)而避開(kāi)項(xiàng)目中的技術(shù)限制。優(yōu)秀的設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)讓狂想者去天馬行空的頭腦風(fēng)暴是必要的，當(dāng)產(chǎn)品需要有突破或新的方向的時(shí)候，他們是最合適的人選。沒(méi)有幻想的平淡工作會(huì)讓他感到痛苦和易受挫折，所以不要期望他去操作任何細(xì)致繁瑣的工作或者過(guò)分技術(shù)要求的工作。他開(kāi)闊的創(chuàng)意不會(huì)最終全部都成為現(xiàn)實(shí)產(chǎn)品，但思維活躍者對(duì)于建立一個(gè)創(chuàng)新的環(huán)境，以及需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新價(jià)值的設(shè)計(jì)管理者們至關(guān)重要。

技術(shù)專(zhuān)家
（原文the surgeon——直譯為外科手術(shù)師，特指精湛技藝，思維冷靜的人——明白為啥美國(guó)打伊拉克叫做“外科手術(shù)式”的打擊了吧）
無(wú)論是想要精湛的美學(xué)還是人機(jī)功學(xué)，如此眾多的優(yōu)秀設(shè)計(jì)作品都依賴(lài)于各種細(xì)節(jié)工作。一個(gè)偉大的團(tuán)隊(duì)需要技術(shù)專(zhuān)家——一個(gè)善于分析的理性思維者，她善于細(xì)致分解和剖析設(shè)計(jì)問(wèn)題，并找到最好的解決方案。就像她的名字一樣，她把一個(gè)物品細(xì)細(xì)拆分開(kāi)來(lái)，認(rèn)真研究每個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)部分，然后再把它們天衣無(wú)縫地重新組裝起來(lái)。技術(shù)專(zhuān)家并不總是最好的決策者，因?yàn)樗荒芡Ｖ箛?yán)密的思維邏輯，或者因?yàn)轫?xiàng)目暫時(shí)沒(méi)有足夠清晰的定義而不知所措。去解決一個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)的復(fù)雜設(shè)計(jì)難題，那么技術(shù)專(zhuān)家將是你在確保一切天衣無(wú)縫的最好人選。

全能選手
（空空大師？）
每個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)都有各種技能不同的設(shè)計(jì)師，但全能選手可能是辦公室里那個(gè)最有才華的人，因?yàn)樗梢悦婷婢愕?。他領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者一系列的項(xiàng)目，處理各種棘手的難題，同時(shí)還有驚人的想法?，F(xiàn)在的畢業(yè)生們很多就是“初級(jí)全能選手”，因?yàn)楫?dāng)他們積累了足夠經(jīng)驗(yàn)并意識(shí)到自己的偉大能量，就可以在多重層面發(fā)揮作用。不要把正真的高人和故弄玄虛的“大師”混淆。在現(xiàn)實(shí)中，稀缺的全能高手不一定是團(tuán)隊(duì)必須的，但一但擁有，就會(huì)知道他的必要性了。[Page]

附英文全文

Four Essential Members of a Great Design Team

Have you ever wondered why you can successfully collaborate with another designer in your office? Maybe you share similar ideas, but there’s also a good chance you’re nothing alike. At Kaleidoscope, some of the designers (including me) are organized and analytical. Others think freely and contextually. How can we coexist? My analytical thinking pushed me to break down and understand how these differences can be complementary. What I ultimately realized is that a successfully diverse design team requires four key members.

The Evangelist
A design team without a visionary leader is like a church without a preacher. The Evangelist focuses on design at the highest level, developing strategies and processes that push the limits of design and business as a whole. Contextual thinking helps him understand how design fits into a larger business plan. As a former Dreamer, he loves to push the boundaries and question assumptions of the products and categories he leads. The Evangelist won’t ever be an operations specialist, and may even lead activities that feel counterproductive to more analytical thinkers. Although possibly his greatest challenge, he will come through in the end and prove that his dreaming offers real business value. With a great Evangelist leading the charge, firms can be proactive, trendsetting, and highly valued for their ideas.

The Conductor
To complement the Evangelist, every design team needs a leader who directs the finishing touches on each project. The Conductor’s analytical mind helps her to ensure that no detail goes unconsidered. Like directing an orchestra, she brings together all the little details into harmony, making sure everything has been figured out and nothing taken for granted. She probably has the highest standards of any designer in the office and ensures that every project is top quality. Often the team doing the first 95% of the work is exhausted or checked out by the end, and the Conductor plays a key role in making the final push to finish the project right. In more corporate roles, she shepherds projects through to production and defends key design details that might otherwise be lost. The Conductor may wish she was still a designer, struggling to find the appropriate level of feedback or adding unnecessary work for her team. At her best, the Conductor is the key to creating consistently solid work that will have clients or consumers coming back for more.

The Dreamer
When analytical minds struggle with paradoxical design constraints, the Dreamer cuts through it all to offer a surprisingly fresh attitude. He avoids the technical boundaries of a project in favor of contextual experimentation. A great design team deploys Dreamers to brainstorms where blue sky thinking is necessary, and keeps them involved when the end product must push category boundaries or create brand new ones. The Dreamer becomes easily frustrated when not allowed to exercise fantasies, so don’t expect him to handle detail-oriented work or anything that is heavily constrained by technical requirements. The wild ideas he contributes won’t always become part of the final product, but the Dreamer is essential in setting the stage for innovation as well as offering an entertainment value to novelty-seeking design managers.[Page]

The Surgeon
Whether it comes down to aesthetic or ergonomic excellence, so many great pieces of design rely on details. A great design team relies on the Surgeon – an analytical thinker who cuts up and dissects design problems to find the best solutions. By definition, she breaks down a product into its components, considering the pieces of design and then reuniting them into a cohesive whole. The Surgeon isn’t always the best decision maker, because she can end up thinking in circles or frustrated by a project’s lack of clarity. When it comes to making sense of complex design problems, a Surgeon is your best bet to make sure nothing falls through the cracks.

The Jack of All Trades (Master of None?)
Every team has designers with diverse skill sets, but the Jack of All Trades might be the most talented person in your office because he can truly do everything. He leads a range of projects, solves tricky problems, and dreams up big ideas. Recent graduates make great “Junior Jacks,” because they can contribute on a variety of levels while they gain experience and become more aware of their greatest strengths. Don’t confuse a real Jack with someone whose strengths are not prevalent or ambiguous. In reality, the rare Jack of All Trades might not be essential to have, but will feel essential to any team that has one.
I hope this helps you make better sense of how you and the people around you fit into a design organization. How well do the designers you know fit into these buckets? How could this concept be stronger? In coming posts, I’ll look at how different combinations of these five members help execute the different strategies that design businesses use.